Bushido, the code of honor and ideals followed by samurai in feudal Japan, emphasizes a set of virtues that guide their way of life. While interpretations can vary, a common understanding includes these eight key principles:
- Rectitude/Justice(義 – Gi):refers to moral and righteous behavior. A true samurai makes decisions based on what is right and just, acting with integrity and without hesitation when duty calls. It is about upholding moral principles above personal gain.
- Courage(勇 – Yu): is the spirit of valor and bravery. A samurai possesses the courage to face adversity, whether physical or moral, without fear. This courage is not blind but is rooted in righteousness.
- Benevolence/Compassion(仁 – Jin): signifies compassion, empathy, and acting for the benefit of others. A samurai shows kindness and understanding towards those under their care and extends mercy when appropriate.
- Politeness/Respect (礼 – Rei): embodies politeness, courtesy, and respect for others, regardless of their social standing. A samurai acts with decorum and acknowledges the dignity of everyone they encounter.
- Honesty/Sincerity(誠 – Makoto or 信 – Shin): represents truthfulness and sincerity. A samurai’s word is their bond, and they are expected to be honest and genuine in their dealings with others.
- Honor(名誉 – Meiyo): is a deep sense of personal worth and dignity. A samurai acts in a way that upholds their honor and the honor of their name, avoiding shame and living with integrity.
- Loyalty(忠義 – Chugi): is unwavering devotion and faithfulness to one’s lord or duty. A samurai places their obligations above their own desires and serves with dedication.
- Self-Control(自制 – Jisei): is the ability to remain composed and disciplined in the face of strong emotions or adversity. A samurai exercises self-mastery over their passions and impulses.
These virtues of Bushido offer a timeless framework for ethical conduct and personal development, principles that resonate beyond the context of feudal Japan.